While it's not Classical, this is probably the most popular participle you'll find, and will be the most easily understood nowadays. So by analogy, they took the ending off the Latin present participle, and started using it as a word of its own: curr-ēns, curr-entis > ēns, entis. The Ancient Greek one in particular was ὤν (also from * h₁sónts initial /s/ tended to vanish in Greek), which coincidentally looked just like the standard participle ending (as in λύ-ων "releasing"). Essentia caught on (hence English "essence" and all its cognates), but * essens didn't.Įventually, in Mediaeval Latin, people started to question the lack of a present participle (since Greek and Romance had one). So some translators took the infinitive esse, built a fake participle off that (* essens), and attached -ia onto the end of that, giving essentia. And while the latter had a nice equivalent in Latin ( -ia), the former didn't. Latin verbs A B C D E F G H I J K L O P Q R S T U V Y Z, Overview Type the complete Latin word (also declined or conjugated). Puto eos eam ad oppidum ducturos esse I think they will lead her to the town. The perfect passive and future active infinitives will show gender where appropriate: Puto eam me amaturam esse I think she will love me. The philosophical term οὐσία "essence" was formed from the Greek present participle plus the noun-forming -ία. But in the third conjugation, the entire infinitive ending (-ere) is dropped before adding the -: ducere duc (to be led). People then made do without a present participle for quite a while, until they had to translate philosophical texts from Greek. So it didn't really work as a participle any more. In legal language, "the one who is" started to mean "the real one", then "the actual perpetrator", then "the guilty one", and eventually sōns became synonymous with reus. (This reduction evidently happened before the lengthening.)īut over time, the meaning of this word started to drift. The latter is where we get forms like absēns > "absent" and praesēns > "present", with vowel reduction in non-initial syllables. Sum is the present indicative tense of the verb esse, meaning 'to be.' As with many other living and dead languages, esse is one of the oldest verb forms in Latin, one of the most frequently used of the verbs, and one of the most irregular verbs in Latin and related languages. In Latin, these forms evolved into est and sōns, respectively (vowels get lengthened before -ns).
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